Phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that proteins can undergo from a functional point of view. The regulation of a wide range of cellular activities depends on it, such as the cell cycle, cell differentiation, metabolism, neuronal communication … And that is why alterations in phosphorylation are involved in different types of pathologies as diverse as cancer. (alterations in cell division) or learning or memory problems (due to alteration in the transduction of neuronal signals). The development of phosphospecific antibodies has improved traditional methods for studying cell signaling through the development of new immunoassays. Success in detection using phosphospecific antibodies directly depends on the specificity and affinity of that antibody for the phosphorylated protein of interest.…

The conjugation of antibodies , also known as marking, is a necessary step for the visualization and measurement results in most immunoassays . Depending on the level of antigen or protein of interest in the sample, we can proceed to a direct assay marking the primary antibody, or to an indirect assay marking the secondary antibody . In this post, we bring you an overview of the usefulness of conjugated antibodies, the types of molecules they are most commonly conjugated to, and the conjugation chemistries most frequently used. Direct Immunoassays Vs. Indirect Immunoassays Direct assays, where the primary antibody, the one that binds directly to the antigen, is the one that is labeled and therefore the one…